1.7.1 Light microscope images
Images of etched specimen at 100, 200, 500 and 1000 times magnification. Single phase brass microstructure with grains aligned in the ED, but not as strict rows as previous materials. The etch effect of crystallographic orientations makes grains easy to distinguish. A family of small particles can be seen, this is Fe, Si and P particles according to EDS analysis. Lead particles are etched dark, they appear to be round and homogeneously distributed.
Etching: 5g ferric chloride + 10ml conc. hydrochloric acid + 100 ml de-ionised water.
Specimen surface was parallel with extrusion direction (X=ED). Position ¼ depth.
Composition of CW709R
1.7.2 EBSD/EDS analysis in the SEM
EBSD analysis with 1 µm step size
The material show a homogeneous microstructure consisting of alpha phase, and lead particles. In this limited area it is difficult to make assumptions about texture.
Specimen surface was parallel with extrusion direction (X=ED). Position ¼ depth.
Surface was OP-S-polished.
Grain- and phase boundaries
In this material there is a tendency to have low angle boundaries. In the previous IPF maps there are shifts of colour within grains. The assumption would be that some plastic deformation occurred after recrystallisation during extrusion.
Grain boundaries (>15°) are black.
Low angle boundaries (2-15°) are thin black.
Twin boundaries (60°<111V) are red.
EDS mapping in parallel to EBSD analysis
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1.7.3 EBSD/EDS analysis in the SEM - Higher magnification analysis
EBSD analysis with 0.5 µm step size
The material show a uniform pure alfa phase microstructure, and lead particles.
Specimen surface was parallel with extrusion direction (X=ED). Surface was OP-S-polished.
Grain- and phase boundaries
Same description as before, we see in this material a tendency to have low angle boundaries. Some twins seem to have been rotated away from the ideal twin relation. And in the previous IPF maps there are shifts of colour within grains. The assumption would be that some plastic deformation occurred after recrystallisation during extrusion.
Grain boundaries (>15°) are black.
Low angle boundaries (2-15°) are thin black.
Twin boundaries (60°<111>) are red.
EDS mapping in parallel to EBSD analysis
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Large area mapping – Many (>40) analyses stitched together
The large area make statistics for grain size, phase fractions, texture, etc. better and now it is obvious that there are preferred orientations in X (ED).
The pole figure show texture components for the alpha phase, strong <100>//ED (22 times random).
Grain size, area weighted distribution
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